Krashen+Page

Stephen Kra​shen 1941- Stephen Krashen is professor emeritus at the University of Southern California, moving from the linguistics department to the faculty of the School of Education in 1994. He is a linguist, educational researcher, and activist. Dr. Krashen has published more than 350 papers and books, contributing to the fields of second language acquisition (SLA), bilingual education, and reading. He is credited with introducing various influential concepts and terms in the study of second language acquisition, including the Acquisition-learning hypothesis, the Input Hypothesis, Monitor Theory, the Affective Filter, and the Natural Order Hypothesis. From Wikipedia. **The Natural Approach** was developed by Tracy Terrell and Stephen Krashen, starting in 1977. It came to have a wide influence in language teaching in the United States and around the world. The natural approach does not only require the teacher to take on responsibilities but the learner as well.

-Express what goals and interests they may have. -Participate in conversation in L2 and classroom discussion. -Decide when to produce speech and language.
 * //Learners Responsibilities //**

//**Teachers Responsibilities** -Create a safe comfortable learning enviroment that encourages risk taking. // -Present information in L2 in a comprehensible manner. -Intergrate language goals, content and student interests that relate to the students and are language appropriate.

“adults have two distinctive ways of developing competences in second languages [...] acquisition, that is by using language for real communication [...] learning, ‘knowing about’ language” (Krashen & Terrell 1983)
 * The Acquisition/ Learning Hypothesis**

‘conscious learning [...] can only be used as a Monitor or an editor’ (Krashen & Terrell 1983)
 * The Monitor Hypothesis**

“humans acquire language in only one way – by understanding messages or by receiving ‘comprehensible input’”
 * The Input Hypothesis**

“a mental block, caused by affective factors [...] that prevents input from reaching the language acquisition device”(Krashen, 1985, p.100) **From Krashen’s Comprehension Hypothesis Model of L2 learning**
 * The Affective Filter Hypothesis**

**The Natural Order Hypothesis** “we acquire the rules of language in a predictable order”

//**For more information on Krashen and his work, here are some websites you can visit. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.**//

[] This link provides great detail on The Five Hypotheses and the impact that Krashen has had on language learning.

[] This link also explains the hypotheses in great detail, but also gives you information on the role of grammar in Krashens view.

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